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Cake day: October 28th, 2025

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  • China has pushed huge numbers of people into poverty in different ways over the decades — the Great Leap Forward basically wrecked agriculture and caused a massive famine, the Cultural Revolution tore apart schools and workplaces and left tons of families with nothing, and long-term policies like the hukou system kept rural migrants stuck in low-income situations even as cities got richer. On top of that, big relocation projects for dams or new city districts have displaced whole communities with compensation that often didn’t match what they lost, and pollution from rapid industrialization has hit farmers and fishers hard. Outside China, some Belt and Road projects have piled unsustainable debt onto poorer countries, aggressive fishing in disputed waters has squeezed local fishers in Southeast Asia, sudden trade restrictions have hurt industries in neighboring economies, and resource extraction deals abroad have pushed aside local communities.

    References (searchable titles):

    • The Great Famine: China’s Great Leap Forward, 1958–1962 – Frank Dikötter
    • The Cultural Revolution: A People’s History – Frank Dikötter
    • China’s Hukou System and Migrant Workers – China Labor Bulletin
    • Dam Displacement in China – Human Rights Watch
    • Pollution and Poverty in Rural China – World Bank reports
    • Belt and Road Initiative Debt Sustainability Analysis – Center for Global Development
    • South China Sea Fisheries and Regional Livelihoods – Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
    • China’s Trade Retaliation Effects – Peterson Institute for International Economics
    • Chinese Overseas Resource Projects and Local Impacts – Global Witness